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To defeat cystitis once and for all, you must first understand what type of cystitis you have. There is not just one type of cystitis, but several, each with different causes. Only by identifying the real cause can you treat cystitis with natural remedies; otherwise, you will continue to treat only the symptoms and the problem will recur. A urine test strip or urine test is essential for understanding the nature of your cystitis. The presence of nitrites is indicative of a bacterial infection, while the presence of leukocytes is indicative of bladder irritation (which is not necessarily caused by bacteria). If you have neither leukocytes nor nitrites in your urine, your problem is probably not bladder-related, but you may be suffering from vulvodynia, pelvic floor hypertonicity, pelvic neuropathy, endometriosis, etc.
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Identify your cystitis and find out how to treat it
Acute bacterial cystitis
What is acute bacterial cystitis?
Bacterial cystitis is characterised by the presence of bacteria in the urine (positive urine culture with a load greater than 100,000 CFU – Colony Forming Units). Nitrites and leukocytes will be present in the urine stick or urine test. Bladder symptoms will be very painful: urgency, frequency, pain when urinating (stranguria), bladder heaviness (tenesmus).
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In-depth analysis: how to treat bacterial cystitis
Chronic or recurrent cystitis
What is chronic or recurrent cystitis?
Chronic or recurrent cystitis is cystitis (usually bacterial) that recurs 3-6 times (or more) over the course of a year. Usually, after many months of recurrence, the symptoms tend not to disappear completely between one acute attack and the next, even in the absence of bacteria in the urine. Initially, nitrites and leukocytes are present in the urine stick during the acute phase, but over time both may become negative.
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In-depth analysis: how to treat chronic recurrent cystitis
Post-coital/honeymoon cystitis
What is post-coital cystitis (honeymoon cystitis)?
Honeymoon cystitis is a urinary tract infection caused by mechanical trauma to the vulva, urethra and vagina during sexual intercourse, followed by what is commonly referred to as “intimate burning”.
Contracted muscles narrow the vaginal opening, causing friction during penetration, which leads to microtrauma to the vulvovaginal mucosa, where bacteria will colonise the vagina. From there, they will invade the urinary tract, travelling up the vulva and urethra to the bladder within 24 to 72 hours. This is why bladder symptoms do not occur immediately after sexual intercourse, but after one or two days.
Honeymoon cystitis is characterised by the presence of leukocytes in the urine stick and symptoms similar to those of bacterial cystitis: urgency, frequency, pain during urination (stranguria), bladder heaviness (tenesmus). Bacteria and nitrites are not necessarily present.
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In-depth analysis: how to treat honeymoon cystitis
Interstitial cystitis
What is interstitial cystitis?
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic syndrome not caused by bacteria, characterised by the progressive destruction of the bladder wall, which may present bleeding spots (glomerulations) or actual lesions (Hunner's ulcers). The thinning of the bladder wall is due to chronic inflammation and impairment of the protective layer of GAG, which covers the bladder, making it hypersensitive to any stimulus (painful, acidic, tactile, thermal, food, etc.). The characteristic symptoms of PBS/IC are: bladder capacity less than 350 cc, urinary urgency (already at 100 ml of bladder filling), frequency greater than 7 urinations in 12 daytime hours and greater than 2 night-time urinations, bladder pain on filling, which improves with emptying. There are no bacteria or nitrites in the urine. Leukocytes and blood may be present.
In-depth analysis: how to treat interstitial cystitis
Cystitis without cystitis (asymptomatic bacteriuria)
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
The term ‘asymptomatic bacteriuria’ refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without symptoms. The urine will appear cloudy, foul-smelling and full of bacteria and nitrites (indicating infection). There will be no leukocytes (indicating inflammation). Without inflammation, there will be no bladder damage, so there will be no symptoms.
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In-depth analysis: how to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria
Bacteria-free cystitis - sterile urine cystitis - abacterial cystitis
What is abacterial cystitis?
Aseptic cystitis is cystitis that is not caused by bacteria, but by other causes. The symptoms are identical to those of bacterial cystitis (urgency, frequency, pain when urinating, bladder heaviness), but there are no nitrites in the urine. The urine culture is negative. Many leukocytes may be present. If there are no leukocytes, the cause of the pain is not urological, but must be sought in other systems. You may be suffering from vulvodynia, pelvic floor hypertonicity, pelvic neuropathy, endometriosis, etc.
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In-depth analysis: how to treat non-bacterial cystitis